Should Sex Trafficking Be Legalized - 1644 Words

Even though nearly everyone wants to have sex, not everyone has someone who wants to have sex with them. Lack of sex is hardly deadly, the urge for sex for some is just as strong as the drive to eat or drink. Just like humans learned how to trade for food and beverages, they learned how to trade for sex. Prostitution is known for being the world s oldest profession, but in several ways the trading of sex is a mystery, mostly in the United States, where sex trade is one of the country s greatest unregulated industries. In Sweden they take a different approach on prostitution; Sweden instead of making the selling of sex illegal, outlawed the buying of I which targeted the people buying it instead of the prostitutes themselves. Studies†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Different cultures have seen it as godly, diabolic and everywhere in between.†(Hobbs) However, not counting the public’s opinion, it has always been present in some way or another. According to most dicti onaries the actual definition of prostitution is â€Å"The practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payments,† (Webster) Most prostitutes get sucked into this at a very young age and were usually raised in a community that has prostitutes in it. Prostitution usually occurs in cities and is illegal in every state in America besides for Nevada because of Las Vegas being an extremely toured area in the United States. Prostitution is an occupation that is harmful to the body, physically and mentally on many levels. Prostitution, in itself, is a form of violence against women in a traumatizing way; there is the psychological and emotional harm of being sexually materialize, which also leads to men thinking objectifying women is tolerable. â€Å"One study found that while there is more physical violence in street, as distinct from, brothel prostitution, there is no difference in the psychological trauma. The psychological damage is intrinsic to the act of prostitution.†(Doezema) Prostitution is an action that many women try to avoid because of the harmful thoughts and physical damage to the body. â€Å"Anti-prostitution feminists hold that prostitution is a form of exploitation of women and male dominance over women, and a practice which is the

The Social Impact of Cell Phones Essay - 1465 Words

In April of 1973, a man named Martin Cooper altered the way of communication for the rest of his days and many years to come. He possessed a dream that would better the way we conversed with one another from a distance. Back in those times, the closest thing to â€Å"cellular technology† was a car phone made by the ATA Company but, Martin and his determined Motorola group yearned higher heights and deeper depths for communication- and thus the birth of the first cell phone was in process. Cooper wanted to exceed the limitations of just simple â€Å"car conversation†. After consistent tedious hours of production, lasting a several month long period of building, critiquing, and finalizing, the first cell phone was born. The first mobile device was†¦show more content†¦The more desirable the cell phone became from the bonus features added to it, the more popular it became and its increased popularity after a while had half of the nation owning one. With featured-f illed cell phones that are out nowadays with its size being so convenient to have anywhere, anytime, and anyplace, we lessen the need for anything else except the essentials such as food, water, and shelter. That attachment to a device that seems so necessary and convenient thus creates an unselfconscious bond and connection with it that Davis 3 can change us socially. According to the online encyclopedia, social change is defined as something that alters mechanisms within a social structure, characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social organizations, or value systems. That definition defines humans being as the â€Å"altered mechanisms† that are changed by a change in something around them- such as the cell phones creation. â€Å"The widespread adoption of the cell phone as a tool of communication and entertainment has revolutionized society, redefining patterns of social contact and relationships among individuals. Overall, the cell phone has transformed daily life of individuals to such an extent that it can be thought of as an agent of social change† (Sadat Nurullah). That leaves the ponderous unanswered question of how?Show MoreRelatedVarious Social Impacts of Cell Phones2048 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Cell Phone and Its Various Social Impacts Present day information era has given lots of freedoms to the citizens, which was not probable without the arrival of this age. The users of Information Systems have willingly available information, for example, full Encyclopedia Britannica in one CD with all types of sÐ µarch fÐ µaturÐ µs is availablÐ µ, pointing towards corrÐ µct information within thÐ µ right timÐ µ. Picture doing this with the book version of the Encyclopedia, sieving through several pagÐ µs lookingRead MoreEssay about The Social Impact of Cell Phones931 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s world the vast majority of the population owns a cell phone. Cell phones are a huge part of people’s everyday lives. Since the 1940’s when mobile phones became available for automobiles, phone companies have made huge strides in making mobile phones more efficient, much smaller, and more available for anyone to use. There was a time where only people of wealth had these types of mobile phones. Now people from all social classes own a cell phone. They are extremely convenient and have the abilityRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Cell Phone Usage on Our Social Life1590 Words   |  7 PagesThere are more cell phones than residents in Britain (computerweekly.com, 2007). The first cell phone was invented by Dr. Martin Cooper and John F Mitchell in 1973 (Wikipedia.com, 2014). Cell phone use has escalated over the years. Not only does cell phone usage affect the character traits of a person and their ability to hold regular, face to face conversations, it also affects a person’s ability to have healthy, stable relationships. Cell phones have changed from an item of luxury to an everydayRead MoreThe Impact of Cell Phone Use on Social Networking and Development Among College Students5103 Words   |  21 PagesThe American Association of Behavioral and Social Sciences Journal (The AABSS Journal, 2011, Volume 15) THE IMPACT OF CELL PHONE USE ON SOCIAL NETWORKING AND DEVELOPMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS ~ Mikiyasu Hakoama Shotaro Hakoyama Central Michigan University 989-774-3743 Abstract Cell phones have become increasingly popular in recent years. While people of various ages find cell phones convenient and useful, younger generations tend to appreciate them more and be more dependent on them. BasedRead MoreImpact of Cell Phone Uasage on Students Acedemic Performance, Social Relationship Ans Safety2584 Words   |  11 PagesIMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE’S USAGE ON STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMACE, SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP AND SAFETY. INTRODUCTION:- Since the commercialization of cellular phones technology, the use of this communication device has rapidly increased. This technology was first introduced by Motorola in the early 1980’s (Harman, Brittney A., 2011). Today, the global cellular phone market now stands at approximately 1.8 billion subscribers, and is forecasted to reach 3 billion by the end of 2010 (Reid and Reid, 2007)Read MoreMobile Phones And The Mobile Phone987 Words   |  4 PagesIn this day and age, it is almost impossible to not have a cell phone; the number of people who own a cell phone is growing every year. â€Å"At the end of 2011, there were almost 6 billion mobile subscriptions. That is a dramatic increase from 5.4 billion in 2010 and 4.7 billion mobile subscriptions in 2009† (International Tele - communications Union, 2011). With the introduction into society the cell phone established a convenient way to communicate between individuals, and they have also connectedRead MoreImportance Of Cell Phone Safety Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe cell phone safety In spite of the fact that cell phones convey a few expediency and advantages to our lives, they additionally have some possibly unsafe impacts. Disclosure of cell phones has been one of the critical technological progress lately. A portion of these effects has contributed emphatically to our lives, yet at the same time, others have affected contrarily. The cell phones have had a noticeable effect on the social life of individuals. In any case, cell phones have accompaniedRead MoreCell Phone Use A Social Addiction939 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s society is a generation that is being raised on conveniences, and with this generation, cell phone use has exploded. Millions of people are obsessed with their cell phones and literally will not leave their house without it. People center everything they do around their cell phone. People are checking their text messages and social media day and night. They face time, tweet, Pinterest, Instagram, and Snapchat. Teens on their smartphones. Photo Credit Highwaystarz-Photography/iStock/GettyRead MoreEssay on Revolutionized Communication: The Cell Phone1612 Words   |  7 PagesRevolutionized Communication: The Cell Phone The emerging technologies of the century have greatly affected how people interact personally and professionally. From 1990 to 2010, mobile phone users grew from 12 million to over 4 billion worldwide; in fact, almost 90 percent of households in America have a mobile phone (Wortham). The creation of the mobile phone marked a new era for America and the world. Phones have evolved from the â€Å"bag phone† to the BlackBerry, and will forever change the way aRead MoreMaterialism in Society1161 Words   |  5 Pagesand 400 dollar Dolce Gabbana cell phones are across our nation. The cell phone has grown tremendously over the years in both technology and its appearance from the dorky huge box to a fashion statement. The invention of the cell phone has helped our country as well as others in many ways of communication such as: for business, family, and emergencies. However, people have become negatively addicted to cell phones and are abusing them. The cell phone has taken impact a nd has attracted those who are

love;war by Barlowgirl free essay sample

Barlowgirls new cd lovewar is an 11 track stop-and-make-you-think album worth picking up. lovewar is the soundtrack to the fight to show others love while being at war with mainstream culture and ideas. Filled with empowering yet challenging lyrics, its message is relevant and appreciated by fans of the all girl group. Most of whom share the same struggle. Power tracks such as Come alive, Running out of time and Time for you to go encourage listeners to stand up for what they believe in and not let others think for them. Beutiful ending is a slower song about laying down your selfishness for you own good. One ballad inperticular, Tears fall[feuturing the Fisk Jubilee singers] touches on the scars and lost lives of abortion. Its almost garenteed to make you to tears. But most of all it mourns the hearts that will never beat. lovewar is encouraging fresh andenergizing. We will write a custom essay sample on love;war by Barlowgirl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Barlowgirl step up artistaclly, musically and lyrically for their previos projects. It just goes to show how much theyve grown in the last six years. After listening to this cd youll be left with this challenge: To live, to die and to war for the sake of love. I highly recommend both this band and this cd.

Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory

Introduction Pragmatism is a type of philosophical tradition which was first developed in the United States during the early 1870s. It is centered to link theory and practice. It reflects a situation in which theory is hauled out from practice, to be applied back and thereby forming what is known as intelligent practice (Dye, 2010). Pragmatism has continually been applied by various individuals including entrepreneurs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How Entrepreneurial Policy Makers Incorporate Pragmatism Practices in Public Policy Research Different entrepreneurs have made research and realized that, employee voice is less effective in any employment relationship. This is due to the fact that there are changes in nature of work, preferences of employer for flexibility which normally work to the disadvantage of the employees and finally th e changes in institutional systems and policies which have failed to offer worker’s protection. Entrepreneurs have therefore found it important to apply pragmatism in public policy research so as to come up with a concrete and wholesome entrepreneurial policy that will protect both the workers and the employer. Policies have thus been made with attention to issues of authority, ensuring equity for all entrepreneurs and ensuring fairness through building of partnerships (Poul, 2011). How Pragmatism Practices Have Changed In the Last Twenty Years Due to the changes in employment relationship in the last twenty years, so does pragmatism. Work increasingly has become globalized with increase in education returns and competition between those with low levels and those with high levels of education. Pragmatism practices have also changed to cater for this by being; rigid to discourage negotiations by employees, increment of wages for various occupations. There has also been an incr ease in employment creation so as to maintain value for markets, private security expansion and slight increase in rights for the workers. Pros and Cons Associated With Keynesian Theory Keynesian theory is very helpful in times of recession; for example, the stimulus spending which is aimed at improving some aspects like employment for example, giving businesses a lot of money so that they can hire more workers and in turn pay them, this will help in ensuring money circulation. However, looking at it in great depth, one realizes few of its pitfalls. First, it is very difficult to convince people not to save.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Excessive saving has been one of the key causes of economic recession (Alistair Smith, 2007). This can only be eradicated if prices of commodities go up, individuals will then be forced to use their reserves so as to cater for the increme nt, and it makes the situation even tougher. Excessive spending by the government may also have long term negative effects. The government may become broke and thus forced to raise taxes in order to raise revenues, this works to the disadvantage of the citizens. How Policy Makers Can Improve Upon the Theory Policy makers must understand the impacts of increased spending, debt incurring and lowering of taxes. If there are no good policies in place to regulate the economies spending, the process will continue recurring and the problem will not have been solved. Policy makers should therefore come up with standardized amount of money to be released in circulation so as to avoid economic recession. There should also be strong measures in place to maintain the currency value over a long period of time. There should be enough money set aside for economic stimulus program aimed at boosting employment. Policies should also be made which limit government interference to the market. The marke t will run at its optimum without any form of interference. References Alistair, H. Smith, J. (2007). Transformations of Policing. Boston: Ashgate Publishers, Dye, T.R. (2010). Understanding Public Policy. Oxford: Pearson Prentice Hall. Poul, D. (2011). Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory. New York, NY: Edward Elgar Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory was written and submitted by user Jorge Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Pregnancy, Labor and Birth Essays

Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Pregnancy, Labor and Birth Essays Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Pregnancy, Labor and Birth Paper Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Pregnancy, Labor and Birth Paper Child abuse is a common problem worldwide. The abuse can be in the form of physical, emotional, sexual or verbal offence. Both boys and girls can be victims of child abuse, a devastating trauma which can lead to long term negative outcomes in future life. In girls, child sexual abuse can contribute to many physical and health related problems, especially during vulnerable times like pregnancy. These problems can have adverse effects on the pregnancy and the newborn too. Research has shown that appropriate intervention at the right time by health professionals including midwives can prevent complications and enhance the outcome of pregnancy. Hence it becomes important to identify mothers with past history of sexual abuse so that appropriate care and support can be provided at the right time for the well-being of the mother and the child. This essay aims to research into the outcomes of childhood sexual abuse on pregnancy, delivery and postpartum and also into the role of midwife while dealing with mothers with previous history of sexual abuse. Introduction The definition of childhood sexual abuse or CSA varies greatly. While some definitions include only rape or attempt to rape, others include contact and non-contact abusive episodes also. According to the Royal Womens Hospital (2009), â€Å"sexual assault is any sexual behaviour that makes a person feel uncomfortable, frightened or threatened. † This includes touching, fondling, kissing, being made to look at, or pose for pornographic photos, voyeurism, exhibitionism and sexual harassment. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (1995; qtd. in Coles, 2006), child sexual abuse is â€Å"any act which exposes the child to, or involves a child in, sexual processes beyond his or her understanding or contrary to accepted community standards. † The cut off age for CSA varies with some surveys considering 16 years as the cutoff-age and other considering 18 years (Leeners et al, 2007). It is difficult to assess the prevalence and incidence of CSA because many cases go unreported. However, it has been estimated that 20% of all women experience CSA (Wijma et al, 2003). According to a recent Australian study by Gilson and Lancaster (2008), the prevalence of physical and or sexual abuse before the age of 16 years is 20. 5%. CSA is important not only because of the immediate devastating physical, mental and emotional consequences, but also because of the long term impact it exerts on the over-all health and also the psychological functioning of the affected woman (Leeners et al, 2007). Research has shown that about 96% of women suffer from long term consequences (Leeners et al, 2007). Impact of CSA on pregnancy CSA can lead to certain general health problems in the woman which can continue through pregnancy and delivery. They are abdominal pain, pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, vaginal pain, dysuria, pelvic infammatory disease, headaches, breast pain, back pain and other musculoskeletal pains (Coles, 2006). These problems may be related either to actual infection, physical trauma, somatization, chronic stress, mental health issues or maladaptive behaviours. CSA can also contribute to the development of health-risk behaviours like alcohol abuse, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, intercourse at an early age and multiple sexual partnership (Coles, 2006). Several studies have revealed that survivors of sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence are at risk for high-risk sexual activities when compared to those who have not suffered an abuse (Hulme, 2000 and Kendall-Tackett, 2003; qtd. in Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Such activities increase chances of unplanned pregnancies, teenage pregnancies, unwanted pregnancies and late prenatal care. There are some reports that abused women tend to smoke and have other health-related problems than non-abused women (Kendall-Tackett, 2007). Women who have suffered from physical and sexual abuse tend to relate negative feelings to pregnancy more frequently than women who are not abused (Jundt, 2009). Past history of abuse can cause depression and post-traumatic stress disorder which can again affect pregnancy. Other mental-health related problems include eating disorders, dissociation, somatisation, personality disorders, self-mutilation and suicidal attempts (Coles, 2006). Women who suffer from such mental conditions tend to suffer from more pregnancy-related complications and neonatal complications. They are also at increased risk for obstetric interventions like cesarean section, forceps application, epidural anesthesia, and vacuum extraction. Seng et al (2001; qtd. in Kendall-Tackett, 2007) reported that women with post-traumatic stress disorder had higher odds ratios for spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, hyperemesis, excessive fetal growth and preterm contractions. Dissociation due to CSA may lead to overseeing of certain early symptoms and signs of obstetric complications like prematue contractions, vaginal spotting and decreased fetal movements (Leeners et al, 2006). Research has shown that maternal history of sexual abuse in childhood can increase the risk of prenatal and postnatal complications in the mother and postnatal complications in the infant. However, it may not contribute to perinatal complications in the infant (Mohler at al, 2008). According to Grimstad and Schei (1999; qtd. in Coles, 2006), babies born to CSA mother are at increased risk of low-birth weight and prematurity. Other complications include preeclampsia and hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, premature rupture of membranes, vaginal bleeding, postmaturity, drug abuse in pregnancy, gestational diabetes and trauma directed to pregnant uterus (Grimstad and Schei, 1999). Impact of CSA on delivery Research has shown that women who have experienced sexual abuse previously are at increased risk of extreme fear during delivery. Eberhard-Gran et al (2008) studied the occurrence of extreme fear in labour in the context of previous history of sexual abuse. Their study revealed that about 3% of women in the study group developed extreme fear during labour and one third of these women suffered from sexual abuse in the past suggesting a strong correlation between sexual abuse and extreme fear during labour. The pain during labour can trigger past memories of sexual abuse wherein the women suffered the trauma in a powerless and helpless situation and these memories can instigate severe feelings of fear. Impact of CSA on breast feeding and parenting in the post-partum period Childhood abuse increases the risk of postpartum mental health problems. Neonatal blues and postpartum depression, the most common mental conditions after delivery are exaggerated in those with past history of abuse. In a 3-year follow-up study of Australian mothers by Buist and Janson (2001; qtd. in Kendall-Tackett, 2007), it was found that 50% of mothers suffered from childhood sexual abuse and these women had higher scores for severe depression, anxiety and life stresses when compared to depressive women with no past history of abuse. It is evident from research that women who have experienced abuse in the past can have difficult relationships with partners and hence may not receive appropriate support from the partner in the crucial period which further contributes to depression, anger and frustration (Coles, 2006). Also, many abused women are single, divorced or have step parents and thus may not receive proper support from families too (Coles, 2006). All these factors, coupled with the stress of handling the newborn baby and also the physical exhaustion of delivery further contribute to worsening mental condition of the woman in the postpartum period. Breast feeding can trigger dissociation, panic attacks and flashbacks into sexual abuse in childhood (Beck, 2009). It can contribute to poststraumatic stress disorder, emotional distress, cognitive distortions, interpersonal difficulties, avoidance and other health-related problems (Kendall-Tackett, 1998). Becoming a mother is one of the major mile stone in the life of a woman. Pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding are times when past memories of childhood abuse can surface. Normally, these are the times when the beautiful mother-child relationship and bonding occur and lifetime attachments are established (Main and Hesse, 1990; qtd. in Coles, 2006). Early family experiences have a huge impact on the development of parenting skills. Research has shown that abused women have greater difficulties with parenting in the context of poor mental health, deficiency in social support, and economic burden when compared to unabused women (Gilson and Lancaster, 2008). Powerful recall of previous abuse can lead to disruptions in the mother-child relationship and bonding (Coles, 2006). According to Gilson and Lancaster (2008), sexual assault can contribute to worsening anxiety and depression especially in the post partum period and thus compromise on the role of parenting. Lack of energy, inability to concentrate, irritability and difficulty in meeting the babys physical and emotional needs can affect the quality of parenting. Inadequate parenting can lead to emotional disturbance in children. Severe depression in the postpartum period can disturb the interaction between the mother and the child leading to insecure or avoidant attachment which can later lead to several emotional and behavioural problems in the long run like subtle behavioural abnormalities in the form of conduct disorders, oppositional- defiant disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder; and problems with object concept tasks (Murray, 1992). Models to explain the impact of CSA Many theorists have proposed various models to explain the reasons behind the impact of CSA on motherhood. According to post traumatic stress disorder model, abnormal stress hormones and increased sensitivity of the hormone receptors lead to ‘chronic hyperarousal’ which causes the impact (Kendall-Tackett, 2000; qtd. in Coles, 2006). However, the traumatogenic model puts forward that betrayal, stigmatization, powerlessness and traumatic sexualization during CSA is the cause behind diverse psycho-behavioural outcomes during pregnancy (Finkelhor and Browne, 1985; qtd. in Coles, 2006). Whereas, the somatization model proposes that CSA causes psychological distress which transforms into physical symptoms during motherhood (Coles, 2006). Cole and Putman (1992; qtd. in Coles, 2006) developed the ‘developing coping model’ according to which, CSA disrupts primary attachments because of psycho-physical trauma and leads to loss of trust in relationship and feelings of guilt. These in turn have detrimental effects on the self development of the woman. According to the attachment theory (Alexander, 1992; qtd. in Coles, 2006), survivors of CSA develop insecure attachment with other family members and this pattern may be passed on even to their children. Implications for practice Screening for ongoing and past sexual, interpersonal and childhood maltreatments must be incorporated into routine health care by all health care providers including midwives (Klerman et al, 2008). According to Rodgers et al (2003), more research needs to be done to examine the relationship between sexual trauma and poor pregnancy outcome in the context of determinants of this relation. It is essential to routinely screen women with history of sexual abuse so that these women can be identified and measures be taken to provide optimum care and support (Rodgers et al, 2003). Midwives, nurses and other health professionals dealing with pregnant women with past history of maternal abuse must incorporate certain aspects during prenatal care. All women must be asked about history of abuse in the past. Study by Klerman et al (2008) revealed that many women feel it is appropriate for health care providers to ask about childhood sexual violence and that they themselves would not volunteer the information if were not enquired into. Women identified with history of CSA must be told that this form of abuse is more prevalent than they think and it can lead to certain disturbances during pregnancy, delivery and breast feeding due to trigger of memories. Midwives have an important role in bringing up the issue of CSA into open and to allow women to discuss their tragic experiences if they wish to do so. By doing so, midwives can minimize the negative consequences of previous assault on the process of childbearing and parenting. Before performing any procedure, the woman must be informed as what will be done and the purpose of the procedure. The procedure must be started only after obtaining willful consent of the woman. This will help the woman differentiate between the present experience from past trauma in which she was helpless and powerless (Waymire, 1997). During labour, reassurance must be provided to the woman. She must be told that her body is working for her and that the pain she is going through is natural and good pain. This will enable the woman to distinguish the present pain of delivery from the past traumatic pain. While dealing with mothers with past history of sexual abuse, the prenatal programs must address not only basic health needs of the pregnant women, but also must target the abuse sequelae like psychological problems and detrimental health behaviours (Rodgers et al, 2003). This is because; improvement in mental health is associated with decrease in risky behavious and also improvements in physical health (Rodgers et al, 2003). The programs must also include education about risk of stress and other trauma-related problems. The woman must be monitored more frequently to pick up complications at early stages. In the post-partum period, in some women, breast feeding might need to be stopped in order to preserve proper mental health (Beck, 2009). Abused women must be treated with respect and care. These women must not be subjected to unnecessary intrusive interventions. They must be given an opportunity to choose the gender of the health care provider (Stojadinovic, 2003). For many patients, it may be useful to collaborate with mental health professionals to prevent retraumatisation and also to facilitate the process of healing. Support from partner or spouse must be encouraged because research has shown that partner support is a strong protective factor and it buffers depressive symptoms and enhances parenting competence (Wright et al, 2005). Conclusion CSA is a common physical, mental and psychological problem with long term impact on future life. Pregnancy, delivery and postpartum periods can trigger memories of the past trauma and impact the outcomes of the pregnancy. Early identification of mothers with history of sexual abuse is important to deliver proper interventions at the right time. The identification can be done by routine screening in the prenatal period by health professionals like midwives. Mothers with CSA must be handled specially with care and respect, and with minimal intrusive procedures. They must be offered support and counseling throughout pregnancy, delivery and breast feeding. The aim of prenatal programs in such mothers must be early identification of complications and provision of appropriate support so as to establish effective breast feeding and attachment, thus enabling proper and successful parenting. Although abuse against women, be it present or past has a devastating effect throughout the child-bearing cycle, research pertaining to this topic is still in preliminary stages. References Beck, C. T. (2009). An adult survivor of child sexual abuse and her breastfeeding experience: a case study. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. , 34(2), 91-7. Coles, J. Y. (2006). Breastfeeding and Maternal Touch after Childhood Sexual Assault. Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Centre for Health and Society, University of Melbourne. Eberhard-Gran, M. , Slinning, K. , and Eskild, A. (2008). Fear during labor: the impact of sexual abuse in adult life. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. , 29(4), 258-61. Gilson, K. J. , and Lancaster, S. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse in regnanat and parenting adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 869- 877. Grimstad, H. and Schei, B. (1999). Pregnancy and delivery for women with history of child abuse. Child abuse and neglect, 23(1), 81-90. Jundt, K. , Haertl, K. , Knobbe, A. , Kaestner, R. , Friese, K. , Peschers, U. M. (2009). Pregnant Women after Physical and Sexual Abuse in Germany. Gynecol Obstet Invest, 68(2), 82-87. Kendall-Tackett K. (1998). Breastfeeding and the sexual abuse survivor. J Hum Lact. , 14(2), 125-30. Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2007). Violence Against Women and the Perinatal Period: The

Sustainable architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainable architecture - Research Paper Example Sustainable architecture starts with linkage to personal values and involves the social, environmental and economic conditions of a project. Similarly, architectural expression emanates from this desire, responding to certain watershed, locations, sites, societies and proximities. The answers to what constitutes sustainable architecture embrace a range as wide and dynamic as the challenges facing the globe and the statements list is as diverse and extensive as the civilization the dominate the world. Sustainable development embraces a balanced sociocultural, ecological and economic progress. The above elements also characterize sustainable architecture. Construction and design is one of the extensive world industries; hence their effects on sustainability are enormous, (Turrent 85). The metropolis and municipalities people have designed and constructed to satisfy their ever-increasing requirements have been unproductively consuming the resources of the earth, while declining to satis fy millions of humans. Sustainable architecture is a necessity if people wish to ensure human and enduring planet existence. Attaining sustainable architecture needs a multifaceted global effort by all countries. Sustainable architectural practices must appear in all places, address various challenges, occur in various levels, function in different contexts, serve various requirements and limitations, be applicable at various scales and use diverse disciplines. Similarly, the possibilities, requirements, potentials are diverse in each nation, similar to levels of education, techniques, industrializations, mechanisms, strategies and motivation. Each nation, person and community, should identify best-suited remedies, and via domestic action contribute to progress at a global level. Sustainable architecture is sweeping change in that it can be attained globally. There are various areas to start, various points to address the challenge, diverse attractive ways to construct structures an d towns and increased effective ways to utilize, replenish and recycle resources. In other words, it ranges from high- tech remedies to low technological strategies, research, advancements, education, industrial achievements, innovation of design, economic aspects, legislative measures and enormous adoption of beneficial practices as principle practices. Significant potential lies in substituting adverse measures with beneficial measures and increasing the advancements in architectural structures and cities all over the globe. Sustainable construction should support better living that incorporates better utilization of land, urban development and construction. Better land use involves preservation of useful, natural areas and ensures health balance amidst constructed and natural environments. Better urban planning entail proficient means of transportation and effective systems of infrastructure – constructed to reduce consumption, garbage and affluence during utilization. Eff icient towns, municipalities and structures, are long lasting, appealing and flexible to other future uses, effective in resource use (energy and raw materials such as recycling after use), and well suited to environmental, human and society needs. Sustainable arch

Marine management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marine management - Essay Example Issues such as reduced productivity and heightened risks to injury in the work environment can all result from the aforementioned issues, dealing with them and preventing the engagement of employees to them is imperative. The rate at which companies lose money through countless health benefits to stressful and fatigued staff is alarming. Healthy employees need less health benefits and are very productive. Managers and heads of companies alike need to figure out how to curb this menace. Work related injuries are on the increase and are always recorded high when most workers work overtime and have less break to reduce the fatigue or engage in activities that can reduce the levels of stress. My company, as this paper discusses below, has already developed countermeasures to the above problems. The changes we have realized can not only be told through the fulfillment of all participants in the company but also through the profits we have accrued in the recent past. There are several causes of both fatigue and stress as listed below. Fatigue itself is caused by extended periods of physical or even mental exertion with less time to recover through rest. Normally, a certain level of fatigue is normal, however, when the levels are too high, there can only be too much disadvantages. These levels of fatigue can be as a result of the following: High levels of fatigue and stress normally leads to reduced productivity. This is generally the biggest problem with the two. Also, since stress and fatigue may impair a person’s sense, including that of danger, employees run risks of accidents and injuries in the work environment. Studies show that staying awake for over 17 hours has as much negative effects on the overall performance of an individual’s performance as having about 0.05% alcohol content in blood. An extra four hours doubles the alcohol content figure to 0.1% (Williamson et al. 320). It is crucial to point out that both employees and